Publications of Mike Lockwood ordered by citations

A list of publications authored or co-authored by Mike Lockwood, derived from the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) and ordered by the numbers of citations.

Orcid ID: 0000-0002-7397-2172

929	Solar Influences on Climate Gray, L. J., Beer, J., Geller, M., Haigh, J. D., Lockwood, M., Matthes, K., Cubasch, U., Fleitmann, D., Harrison, G., Hood, L., Luterbacher, J., Meehl, G. A., Shindell, D., van Geel, B. & White, W., 2010, Reviews of Geophysics, 48, RG4001
436	A doubling of the Sun's coronal magnetic field during the past 100 years Lockwood, M., Stamper, R. & Wild, M. N., 1999, Nature, 399, 437
268	The Solar Orbiter magnetometer Horbury, T. S., O'Brien, H., Carrasco Blazquez, I., Bendyk, M., Brown, P., Hudson, R., Evans, V., Oddy, T. M., Carr, C. M., Beek, T. J., Cupido, E., Bhattacharya, S., Dominguez, J.-A., Matthews, L., Myklebust, V. R., Whiteside, B., Bale, S. D., Baumjohann, W., Burgess, D., Carbone, V., Cargill, P., Eastwood, J., Erdös, G., Fletcher, L., Forsyth, R., Giacalone, J., Glassmeier, K.-H., Goldstein, M. L., Hoeksema, T., Lockwood, M., Magnes, W., Maksimovic, M., Marsch, E., Matthaeus, W. H., Murphy, N., Nakariakov, V. M., Owen, C. J., Owens, M., Rodriguez-Pacheco, J., Richter, I., Riley, P., Russell, C. T., Schwartz, S., Vainio, R., Velli, M., Vennerstrom, S., Walsh, R., Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., Zank, G., Müller, D., Zouganelis, I. & Walsh, A. P., 2020, A&A, 642, A9
259	Dependence of convective flows and particle precipitation in the high-latitude dayside ionosphere on the X and Y components of the interplanetary magnetic field Cowley, S. W. H., Morelli, J. P. & Lockwood, M., 1991, Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 5557
233	The cleft ion fountain Lockwood, M., Chandler, M. O., Horwitz, J. L., Waite, J. H., Moore, T. E. & Chappell, C. R., 1985, Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 9736
208	A new source of suprathermal O+ ions near the dayside polar cap boundary Lockwood, M., Waite, J. H., Moore, T. E., Johnson, J. F. E. & Chappell, C. R., 1985, Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 4099
192	The Maunder minimum (1645-1715) was indeed a grand minimum: A reassessment of multiple datasets Usoskin, Ilya G., Arlt, Rainer, Asvestari, Eleanna, Hawkins, Ed, Käpylä, Maarit, Kovaltsov, Gennady A., Krivova, Natalie, Lockwood, Michael, Mursula, Kalevi, O'Reilly, Jezebel, Owens, Matthew, Scott, Chris J., Sokoloff, Dmitry D., Solanki, Sami K., Soon, Willie & Vaquero, José M., 2015, A&A, 581, A95
181	Midday auroral breakup events and related energy and momentum transfer from the magnetosheath Sandholt, P. E., Lockwood, M., Oguti, T., Cowley, S. W. H., Freeman, K. S. C., Lybekk, B., Egeland, A. & Willis, D. M., 1990, Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 1039
180	Production of polar cap electron density patches by transient magnetopause reconnection Lockwood, M. & Carlson, H. C., Jr., 1992, Geophysical Research Letters, 19, 1731
178	First imaging of corotating interaction regions using the STEREO spacecraft Rouillard, A. P., Davies, J. A., Forsyth, R. J., Rees, A., Davis, C. J., Harrison, R. A., Lockwood, M., Bewsher, D., Crothers, S. R., Eyles, C. J., Hapgood, M. & Perry, C. H., 2008, Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L10110
161	The excitation of plasma convection in the high-latitude ionosphere Lockwood, M., Cowley, S. W. H. & Freeman, M. P., 1990, Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 7961
158	The variation of reconnection rate at the dayside magnetopause and cusp ion precipitation Lockwood, M. & Smith, M. F., 1992, Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 14841
156	Low and middle altitude cusp particle signatures for general magnetopause reconnection rate variations: 1. Theory Lockwood, M. & Smith, M. F., 1994, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 8531
155	Interplanetary magnetic field control of dayside auroral activity and the transfer of momentum across the dayside magnetopause Lockwood, M., Sandholt, P. E., Cowley, S. W. H. & Oguti, T., 1989, Planetary and Space Science, 37, 1347
150	Earth's magnetospheric cusps Smith, M. F. & Lockwood, M., 1996, Reviews of Geophysics, 34, 233
149	Potential influences on the United Kingdom's floods of winter 2013/14 Huntingford, Chris, Marsh, Terry, Scaife, Adam A., Kendon, Elizabeth J., Hannaford, Jamie, Kay, Alison L., Lockwood, Mike, Prudhomme, Christel, Reynard, Nick S., Parry, Simon, Lowe, Jason A., Screen, James A., Ward, Helen C., Roberts, Malcolm, Stott, Peter A., Bell, Vicky A., Bailey, Mark, Jenkins, Alan, Legg, Tim, Otto, Friederike E. L., Massey, Neil, Schaller, Nathalie, Slingo, Julia & Allen, Myles R., 2014, Nature Climate Change, 4, 769
133	The dependence of high-latitude dayside ionospheric flows on the North-South component of the IMF: A high time resolution correlation analysis using EISCAT ``Polar'' and AMPTE UKS and IRM data Etemadi, A., Cowley, S. W. H., Lockwood, M., Bromage, B. J. I., Willis, D. M. & Lühr, H., 1988, Planetary and Space Science, 36, 471
131	The ionospheric signatures of flux transfer events and solar wind dynamic pressure changes Lockwood, M., Cowley, S. W. H., Sandholt, P. E. & Lepping, R. P., 1990, Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 17113
129	Reconnection at the high-latitude magnetopause during northward interplanetary magnetic field conditions Onsager, T. G., Scudder, J. D., Lockwood, M. & Russell, C. T., 2001, Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 25467
129	On the quasi-periodic nature of magnetopause flux transfer events Lockwood, M. & Wild, M. N., 1993, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 5935
128	The Rise and Fall of Open Solar Flux During the Current Grand Solar Maximum Lockwood, M., Rouillard, A. P. & Finch, I. D., 2009, ApJ, 700, 937
126	Upwelling O+ ion source characteristics Moore, T. E., Lockwood, M., Chandler, M. O., Waite, J. H., Jr., Chappell, C. R., Persoon, A. & Sugiura, M., 1986, Journal of Geophysical Research, 91, 7019
124	Direct Observations of the Evolution of Polar Cap Ionization Patches Zhang, Qing-He, Zhang, Bei-Chen, Lockwood, Michael, Hu, Hong-Qiao, Moen, Jøran, Ruohoniemi, J. Michael, Thomas, Evan G., Zhang, Shun-Rong, Yang, Hui-Gen, Liu, Rui-Yuan, McWilliams, Kathryn A. & Baker, Joseph B. H., 2013, Science, 339, 1597
120	Solar causes of the long-term increase in geomagnetic activity Stamper, R., Lockwood, M., Wild, M. N. & Clark, T. D. G., 1999, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 28325
118	Pressure-driven magnetopause motions and attendant response on the ground Farrugia, C. J., Freeman, M. P., Cowley, S. W. H., Southwood, D. J., Lockwood, M. & Etemadi, A., 1989, Planetary and Space Science, 37, 589
118	Stereoscopic imaging of an Earth-impacting solar coronal mass ejection: A major milestone for the STEREO mission Davis, C. J., Davies, J. A., Lockwood, M., Rouillard, A. P., Eyles, C. J. & Harrison, R. A., 2009, Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L08102
118	Solar Influence on Global and Regional Climates Lockwood, Mike, 2012, Surveys in Geophysics, 33, 503
112	The cleft ion fountain: A two-dimensional kinetic model Horwitz, J. L. & Lockwood, M., 1985, Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 9749
111	Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature Lockwood, Mike & Fröhlich, Claus, 2007, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A, 463, 2447
110	A New Calibrated Sunspot Group Series Since 1749: Statistics of Active Day Fractions Usoskin, I. G., Kovaltsov, G. A., Lockwood, M., Mursula, K., Owens, M. & Solanki, S. K., 2016, Solar Physics, 291, 2685
107	Ionospheric signatures of pulsed reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause Lockwood, M., Denig, W. F., Farmer, A. D., Davda, V. N., Cowley, S. W. H. & Luehr, H., 1993, Nature, 361, 424
105	Effects of a mid-latitude solar eclipse on the thermosphere and ionosphere - A modelling study Müller-Wodarg, I. C. F., Aylward, A. D. & Lockwood, M., 1998, Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 3787
104	A Multispacecraft Analysis of a Small-Scale Transient Entrained by Solar Wind Streams Rouillard, A. P., Savani, N. P., Davies, J. A., Lavraud, B., Forsyth, R. J., Morley, S. K., Opitz, A., Sheeley, N. R., Burlaga, L. F., Sauvaud, J.-A., Simunac, K. D. C., Luhmann, J. G., Galvin, A. B., Crothers, S. R., Davis, C. J., Harrison, R. A., Lockwood, M., Eyles, C. J., Bewsher, D. & Brown, D. S., 2009, Solar Physics, 256, 307
103	Intermittent release of transients in the slow solar wind: 1. Remote sensing observations Rouillard, A. P., Davies, J. A., Lavraud, B., Forsyth, R. J., Savani, N. P., Bewsher, D., Brown, D. S., Sheeley, N. R., Davis, C. J., Harrison, R. A., Howard, R. A., Vourlidas, A., Lockwood, M., Crothers, S. R. & Eyles, C. J., 2010, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 115, A04103
99	Response time of the high-latitude dayside ionosphere to sudden changes in the north-south component of the IMF Todd, H., Cowley, S. W. H., Lockwood, M., Willis, D. M. & Luehr, H., 1988, Planetary and Space Science, 36, 1415
96	On the importance of interplanetary magnetic field ∣By∣ on polar cap patch formation Zhang, Q.-H., Zhang, B.-C., Liu, R.-Y., Dunlop, M. W., Lockwood, M., Moen, J., Yang, H.-G., Hu, H.-Q., Hu, Z.-J., Liu, S.-L., McCrea, I. W. & Lester, M., 2011, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 116, A05308
94	Are cold winters in Europe associated with low solar activity? Lockwood, M., Harrison, R. G., Woollings, T. & Solanki, S. K., 2010, Environmental Research Letters, 5, 024001
93	Enhanced signature of solar variability in Eurasian winter climate Woollings, T., Lockwood, M., Masato, G., Bell, C. & Gray, L., 2010, Geophysical Research Letters, 37, L20805
91	Solar change and climate: an update in the light of the current exceptional solar minimum Lockwood, M., 2010, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A, 466, 303
87	Long-term variations in the magnetic fields of the Sun and the heliosphere: Their origin, effects, and implications Lockwood, M., 2001, Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 16021
86	Ionospheric convection response to slow, strong variations in a northward interplanetary magnetic field: A case study for January 14, 1988 Knipp, D. J., Emery, B. A., Richmond, A. D., Crooker, N. U., Hairston, M. R., Cumnock, J. A., Denig, W. F., Rich, F. J., De La Beaujardiere, O., Ruohoniemi, J. M., Rodger, A. S., Crowley, G., Ahn, B.-H., Evans, D. S., Fuller-Rowell, T. J., Friis-Christensen, E., Lockwood, M., Kroehl, H. W., Maclennan, C. G., McEwin, A., Pellinen, R. J., Morris, R. J., Burns, G. B., Papitashvili, V., Zaitzev, A., Troshichev, O., Sato, N., Sutcliffe, P. & Tomlinson, L., 1993, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 19273
85	Non-Maxwellian ion velocity distributions observed using EISCAT Lockwood, M., Bromage, B. J. I., Horne, R. B., St-Maurice, J.-P., Willis, D. M. & Cowley, S. W. H., 1987, Geophysical Research Letters, 14, 111
84	Long-term drift of the coronal source magnetic flux and the total solar irradiance Lockwood, M. & Stamper, R., 1999, Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 2461
83	Low-altitude signatures of the cusp and flux transfer events Lockwood, Mike & Smith, Mark F., 1989, Geophysical Research Letters, 16, 879
82	Eastward propagation of a plasma convection enhancement following a southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field Lockwood, M., van Eyken, A. P., Bromage, B. J. I., Willis, D. M. & Cowley, S. W. H., 1986, Geophysical Research Letters, 13, 72
80	Coronal mass ejections are not coherent magnetohydrodynamic structures Owens, M. J., Lockwood, M. & Barnard, L. A., 2017, Scientific Reports, 7, 4152
79	Flux transfer events at the magnetopause and in the ionosphere Elphic, R. C., Lockwood, M., Cowley, S. W. H. & Sandholt, P. E., 1990, Geophysical Research Letters, 17, 2241
76	Superthermal ion signatures of auroral acceleration processes Moore, T. E., Chappell, C. R., Lockwood, M. & Waite, J. H., Jr., 1985, Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 1611
75	On the origins and timescales of geoeffective IMF Lockwood, Mike, Owens, Mathew J., Barnard, Luke A., Bentley, Sarah, Scott, Chris J. & Watt, Clare E., 2016, Space Weather, 14, 406
75	The Evolution of the Sun's Open Magnetic Flux - II. Full Solar Cycle Simulations Mackay, D. H. & Lockwood, M., 2002, Solar Physics, 209, 287
75	Results from the CERN pilot CLOUD experiment Duplissy, J., Enghoff, M. B., Aplin, K. L., Arnold, F., Aufmhoff, H., Avngaard, M., Baltensperger, U., Bondo, T., Bingham, R., Carslaw, K., Curtius, J., David, A., Fastrup, B., Gagné, S., Hahn, F., Harrison, R. G., Kellett, B., Kirkby, J., Kulmala, M., Laakso, L., Laaksonen, A., Lillestol, E., Lockwood, M., Mäkelä, J., Makhmutov, V., Marsh, N. D., Nieminen, T., Onnela, A., Pedersen, E., Pedersen, J. O. P., Polny, J., Reichl, U., Seinfeld, J. H., Sipilä, M., Stozhkov, Y., Stratmann, F., Svensmark, H., Svensmark, J., Veenhof, R., Verheggen, B., Viisanen, Y., Wagner, P. E., Wehrle, G., Weingartner, E., Wex, H., Wilhelmsson, M. & Winkler, P. M., 2010, Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 10, 1635
75	Dayside auroral activity and magnetic flux transfer from the solar wind Lockwood, M., Sandholt, P. E. & Cowley, S. W. H., 1989, Geophysical Research Letters, 16, 33
75	Predicting space climate change Barnard, L., Lockwood, M., Hapgood, M. A., Owens, M. J., Davis, C. J. & Steinhilber, F., 2011, Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L16103
74	Inferring the Structure of the Solar Corona and Inner Heliosphere During the Maunder Minimum Using Global Thermodynamic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations Riley, Pete, Lionello, Roberto, Linker, Jon A., Cliver, Ed, Balogh, Andre, Beer, Jürg, Charbonneau, Paul, Crooker, Nancy, DeRosa, Marc, Lockwood, Mike, Owens, Matt, McCracken, Ken, Usoskin, Ilya & Koutchmy, S., 2015, ApJ, 802, 105
73	EISCAT observations of bursts of rapid flow in the high latitude dayside ionosphere Todd, H., Bromage, B. J. I., Cowley, S. W. H., Lockwood, M., van Eyken, A. P. & Willis, D. M., 1986, Geophysical Research Letters, 13, 909
72	Recalibration of the Sunspot-Number: Status Report Clette, F., Lefèvre, L., Chatzistergos, T., Hayakawa, H., Carrasco, V. M. S., Arlt, R., Cliver, E. W., Dudok de Wit, T., Friedli, T. K., Karachik, N., Kopp, G., Lockwood, M., Mathieu, S., Muñoz-Jaramillo, A., Owens, M., Pesnell, D., Pevtsov, A., Svalgaard, L., Usoskin, I. G., van Driel-Gesztelyi, L. & Vaquero, J. M., 2023, Solar Physics, 298, 44
72	Centennial changes in the solar wind speed and in the open solar flux Rouillard, A. P., Lockwood, M. & Finch, I., 2007, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 112, A05103
72	The Maunder minimum and the Little Ice Age: an update from recent reconstructions and climate simulations Owens, Mathew J., Lockwood, Mike, Hawkins, Ed, Usoskin, Ilya, Jones, Gareth S., Barnard, Luke, Schurer, Andrew & Fasullo, John, 2017, Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 7, A33
71	Dayside ionospheric convection changes in response to long-period interplanetary magnetic field oscillations: Determination of the ionospheric phase velocity Saunders, M. A., Freeman, M. P., Southwood, D. J., Cowley, S. W., Lockwood, M., Samson, J. C., Farrugia, C. J. & Hughes, T. J., 1992, Journal of Geophysical Research, 97, 19373
71	Excess open solar magnetic flux from satellite data: 2. A survey of kinematic effects Lockwood, M., Owens, M. & Rouillard, A. P., 2009, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 114, A11104
70	Regional climate impacts of a possible future grand solar minimum Ineson, Sarah, Maycock, Amanda C., Gray, Lesley J., Scaife, Adam A., Dunstone, Nick J., Harder, Jerald W., Knight, Jeff R., Lockwood, Mike, Manners, James C. & Wood, Richard A., 2015, Nature Communications, 6, 7535
70	the pulsating cusp Smith, M. F. & Lockwood, M., 1990, Geophysical Research Letters, 17, 1069
69	A solar storm observed from the Sun to Venus using the STEREO, Venus Express, and MESSENGER spacecraft Rouillard, A. P., Davies, J. A., Forsyth, R. J., Savani, N. P., Sheeley, N. R., Thernisien, A., Zhang, T.-L., Howard, R. A., Anderson, B., Carr, C. M., Tsang, S., Lockwood, M., Davis, C. J., Harrison, R. A., Bewsher, D., Fränz, M., Crothers, S. R., Eyles, C. J., Brown, D. S., Whittaker, I., Hapgood, M., Coates, A. J., Jones, G. H., Grande, M., Frahm, R. A. & Winningham, J. D., 2009, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 114, A07106
69	Chapter 5-Plasma Transfer Processes at the Magnetopause Sibeck, D. G., Paschmann, G., Treumann, R. A., Fuselier, S. A., Lennartsson, W., Lockwood, M., Lundin, R., Ogilvie, K. W., Onsager, T. G., Phan, T.-D., Roth, M., Scholer, M., Sckopke, N., Stasiewicz, K. & Yamauchi, M., 1999, Space Science Reviews, 88, 207
66	Heliospheric modulation of galactic cosmic rays during grand solar minima: Past and future variations Owens, M. J., Usoskin, I. & Lockwood, M., 2012, Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L19102
66	Intermittent release of transients in the slow solar wind: 2. In situ evidence Rouillard, A. P., Lavraud, B., Davies, J. A., Savani, N. P., Burlaga, L. F., Forsyth, R. J., Sauvaud, J.-A., Opitz, A., Lockwood, M., Luhmann, J. G., Simunac, K. D. C., Galvin, A. B., Davis, C. J. & Harrison, R. A., 2010, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 115, A04104
66	Direct observations of the full Dungey convection cycle in the polar ionosphere for southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions Zhang, Q.-H., Lockwood, M., Foster, J. C., Zhang, S.-R., Zhang, B.-C., McCrea, I. W., Moen, J., Lester, M. & Ruohoniemi, J. M., 2015, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 120, 4519
65	Solar wind-magnetosphere coupling functions on timescales of 1 day to 1 year Finch, I. & Lockwood, M., 2007, Annales Geophysicae, 25, 495
64	Cyclic loss of open solar flux since 1868: The link to heliospheric current sheet tilt and implications for the Maunder Minimum Owens, M. J. & Lockwood, M., 2012, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 117, A04102
63	Global solar wind variations over the last four centuries Owens, M. J., Lockwood, M. & Riley, P., 2017, Scientific Reports, 7, 41548
62	Effects of solar wind magnetosphere coupling recorded at different geomagnetic latitudes: Separation of directly-driven and storage/release systems Finch, I. D., Lockwood, M. L. & Rouillard, A. P., 2008, Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L21105
61	Relationship of dayside auroral precipitations to the open-closed separatrix and the pattern of convective flow Lockwood, M., 1997, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 17475
60	Moen et al.: Convection events and dayside auroral activity Moen, J., Sandholt, P. E., Lockwood, M., Denig, W. F., Lövhaug, U. P., Lybekk, B., Egeland, A., Opsvik, D. & Friis-Christensen, E., 1995, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 23917
60	How is open solar magnetic flux lost over the solar cycle? Owens, M. J., Crooker, N. U. & Lockwood, M., 2011, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 116, A04111
60	Variability of the interplanetary medium at 1 a.u. over 24 years: 1963-1986 Hapgood, M. A., Lockwood, M., Bowe, G. A., Willis, D. M. & Tulunay, Y. K., 1991, Planetary and Space Science, 39, 411
59	Polar cap patch segmentation of the tongue of ionization in the morning convection cell Zhang, Q.-H., Zhang, B.-C., Moen, J., Lockwood, M., McCrea, I. W., Yang, H.-G., Hu, H.-Q., Liu, R.-Y., Zhang, S.-R. & Lester, M., 2013, Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 2918
59	A Computationally Efficient, Time-Dependent Model of the Solar Wind for Use as a Surrogate to Three-Dimensional Numerical Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations Owens, Mathew, Lang, Matthew, Barnard, Luke, Riley, Pete, Ben-Nun, Michal, Scott, Chris J., Lockwood, Mike, Reiss, Martin A., Arge, Charles N. & Gonzi, Siegfried, 2020, Solar Physics, 295, 43
57	Variability of dayside convection and motions of the cusp/cleft aurora Lockwood, M., Moen, J., Cowley, S. W. H., Farmer, A. D., Lovhaug, U. P., Luehr, H. & Davda, V. N., 1993, Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 1011
56	Open solar flux estimates from near-Earth measurements of the interplanetary magnetic field: comparison of the first two perihelion passes of the Ulysses spacecraft Lockwood, M., Forsyth, R., Balogh, A. & McComas, D., 2004, Annales Geophysicae, 22, 1395
56	Evidence of component merging equatorward of the cusp Chandler, M. O., Fuselier, S. A., Lockwood, M. & Moore, T. E., 1999, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 22623
55	Twenty-three cycles of changing open solar magnetic flux Lockwood, M., 2003, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 108, 1128
55	Interplanetary magnetic field properties and variability near Mercury's orbit James, Matthew K., Imber, Suzanne M., Bunce, Emma J., Yeoman, Timothy K., Lockwood, Mike, Owens, Mathew J. & Slavin, James A., 2017, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 122, 7907
54	Flux transfer events at the dayside magnetopause: Transient reconnectionn or magnetosheath dynamic pressure pulses? Lockwood, M., 1991, Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 5497
51	Semi-annual, annual and Universal Time variations in the magnetosphere and in geomagnetic activity: 1. Geomagnetic data Lockwood, Mike, Owens, Mathew J., Barnard, Luke A., Haines, Carl, Scott, Chris J., McWilliams, Kathryn A. & Coxon, John C., 2020, Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 10, 23
51	Centennial variations in sunspot number, open solar flux, and streamer belt width: 1. Correction of the sunspot number record since 1874 Lockwood, M., Owens, M. J. & Barnard, L., 2014, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 119, 5172
50	On the cause of a magnetospheric flux transfer event Lockwood, M. & Hapgood, M. A., 1998, Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 26453
49	The contribution of flux transfer events to convection Lockwood, M., Cowley, S. W. H., Smith, M. F., Rijnbeek, R. P. & Elphic, R. C., 1995, Geophysical Research Letters, 22, 1185
48	Non-thermal plasma observations using EISCAT: Aspect angle dependence Winser, K. J., Lockwood, M. & Jones, G. O. L., 1987, Geophysical Research Letters, 14, 957
48	The persistence of solar activity indicators and the descent of the Sun into Maunder Minimum conditions Lockwood, M., Owens, M. J., Barnard, L., Davis, C. J. & Steinhilber, F., 2011, Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L22105
48	The statistical cusp: a flux transfer event model Smith, M. F., Lockwood, M. & Cowley, S. W. H., 1992, Planetary and Space Science, 40, 1251
48	Extreme Space-Weather Events and the Solar Cycle Owens, Mathew J., Lockwood, Mike, Barnard, Luke A., Scott, Chris J., Haines, Carl & Macneil, Allan, 2021, Solar Physics, 296, 82
46	Implications of the altitude of transient 630-nm dayside auroral emissions Lockwood, M., Carlson, H. C., Jr. & Sandholt, P. E., 1993, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, 15571
46	Flow-aligned jets in the magnetospheric cusp: Results from the Geospace Environment Modeling Pilot program Weiss, L. A., Reiff, P. H., Weber, E. J., Carlson, H. C., Lockwood, M. & Peterson, W. K., 1995, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 7649
46	A survey of simultaneous observations of the high-latitude ionosphereand interplanetary magnetic field with EISCAT and AMPTE-UKS. Willis, D. M., Lockwood, M., Cowley, S. W. H., van Eyken, A. P., Bromage, B. J. I., Rishbeth, H., Smith, P. R. & Crothers, S. R., 1986, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 48, 987
46	Coordinated Cluster/Double Star observations of dayside reconnection signatures Dunlop, M. W., Taylor, M. G. G. T., Davies, J. A., Owen, C. J., Pitout, F., Fazakerley, A. N., Pu, Z., Laakso, H., Bogdanova, Y. V., Zong, Q.-G., Shen, C., Nykyri, K., Lavraud, B., Milan, S. E., Phan, T. D., Rème, H., Escoubet, C. P., Carr, C. M., Cargill, P., Lockwood, M. & Sonnerup, B., 2005, Annales Geophysicae, 23, 2867
45	Solar cycle 24: Implications for energetic particles and long-term space climate change Owens, M. J., Lockwood, M., Barnard, L. & Davis, C. J., 2011, Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L19106
45	Solar cycle evolution of dipolar and pseudostreamer belts and their relation to the slow solar wind Owens, M. J., Crooker, N. U. & Lockwood, M., 2014, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 119, 36
45	Centennial changes in the heliospheric magnetic field and open solar flux: The consensus view from geomagnetic data and cosmogenic isotopes and its implications Lockwood, M. & Owens, M. J., 2011, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 116, A04109
44	Comment on ``The IDV index: Its derivation and use in inferring long-term variations of the interplanetary magnetic field strength'' by Leif Svalgaard and Edward W. Cliver Lockwood, M., Rouillard, A. P., Finch, I. & Stamper, R., 2006, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 111, A09109
44	Evidence for solar wind modulation of lightning Scott, C. J., Harrison, R. G., Owens, M. J., Lockwood, M. & Barnard, L., 2014, Environmental Research Letters, 9, 055004
44	The Evolution of the Sun's Open Magnetic Flux - I. A Single Bipole Mackay, D. H., Priest, E. R. & Lockwood, M., 2002, Solar Physics, 207, 291
42	Motion of the dayside polar cap boundary during substorm cycles: II. Generation of poleward-moving events and polar cap patches by pulses in the magnetopause reconnection rate Lockwood, M., Davies, J. A., Moen, J., van Eyken, A. P., Oksavik, K., McCrea, I. W. & Lester, M., 2005, Annales Geophysicae, 23, 3513
42	Ionospheric ion upwelling in the wake of flux transfer events at the dayside magnetopause Lockwood, M., Smith, M. F., Farrugia, C. J. & Siscoe, G. L., 1988, Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 5641
41	Oscillations in the open solar magnetic flux with a period of 1.68years: imprint on galactic cosmic rays and implications for heliospheric shielding Rouillard, A. & Lockwood, M., 2004, Annales Geophysicae, 22, 4381
41	Extended Magnetic Reconnection across the Dayside Magnetopause Dunlop, M. W., Zhang, Q.-H., Bogdanova, Y. V., Lockwood, M., Pu, Z., Hasegawa, H., Wang, J., Taylor, M. G. G. T., Berchem, J., Lavraud, B., Eastwood, J., Volwerk, M., Shen, C., Shi, J.-K., Constantinescu, D., Frey, H., Fazakerley, A. N., Sibeck, D., Escoubet, P., Wild, J. A. & Liu, Z.-X., 2011, Physical Review Letters, 107, 025004
41	Large plasma velocities along the magnetic field line in the auroral zone Jones, G. O., Williams, P. J. S., Winser, K. J., Lockwood, M. & Suvanto, K., 1988, Nature, 336, 231
40	Centennial variations in sunspot number, open solar flux and streamer belt width: 3. Modeling Lockwood, M. & Owens, M. J., 2014, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 119, 5193
40	The geomagnetic mass spectrometer- mass and energy dispersions of ionospheric ion flows into the magnetosphere Lockwood, M., Moore, T. E., Waite, J. H., Jr., Chappell, C. R. & Horwitz, J. L., 1985, Nature, 316, 612
40	The Development of a Space Climatology: 1. Solar Wind Magnetosphere Coupling as a Function of Timescale and the Effect of Data Gaps Lockwood, Mike, Bentley, Sarah N., Owens, Mathew J., Barnard, Luke A., Scott, Chris J., Watt, Clare E. & Allanson, Oliver, 2019, Space Weather, 17, 133
40	Ionospheric and geomagnetic responses to changes in IMF B Z : a superposed epoch study Davis, C. J., Wild, M. N., Lockwood, M. & Tulunay, Y. K., 1997, Annales Geophysicae, 15, 217
40	Modelling signatures of pulsed magnetopause reconnection in cusp ion dispersion signatures seen at middle altitudes Lockwood, M., Davis, C. J., Onsager, T. G. & Scudder, J. D., 1998, Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 591
39	Multiple transpolar auroral arcs reveal insight about coupling processes in the Earth's magnetotail Zhang, Qing-He, Zhang, Yong-Liang, Wang, Chi, Lockwood, Michael, Yang, Hui-Gen, Tang, Bin-Bin, Xing, Zan-Yang, Oksavik, Kjellmar, Lyons, Larry R., Ma, Yu-Zhang, Zong, Qiu-Gang, Moen, Jøran Idar & Xia, Li-Dong, 2020, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 117, 16193
39	On flow reversal boundaries and transpolar voltage in average models of high-latitude convection Lockwood, Mike, 1991, Planetary and Space Science, 39, 397
38	Hourly weather observations from the Scottish Highlands (1883─1904) rescued by volunteer citizen scientists Hawkins, Ed, Burt, Stephen, Brohan, Philip, Lockwood, Michael, Richardson, Harriett, Roy, Marjory & Thomas, Simon, 2019, Geoscience Data Journal, 6, 160
38	Excess open solar magnetic flux from satellite data: 1. Analysis of the third perihelion Ulysses pass Lockwood, M., Owens, M. & Rouillard, A. P., 2009, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 114, A11103
38	The modelled occurrence of non-thermal plasma in the ionospheric F-region and the possible consequences for ion outflows into the magnetosphere Lockwood, M. & Fuller-Rowell, T. J., 1987, Geophysical Research Letters, 14, 371
38	Multiple, discrete, arcs on sunward convecting field lines in the 14-15 MLT region Moen, J., Sandholt, P. E., Lockwood, M., Egeland, A. & Fukui, K., 1994, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 6113
37	Comment on ``A statistical study of the ionospheric convection response to changing interplanetary magnetic field conditions using the assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics technique'' by A. J. Ridley et al. Lockwood, M. & Cowley, S. W. H., 1999, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 4387
37	Ionospheric origin of magnetospheric O+ ions Lockwood, M. & Titheridge, J. E., 1981, Geophysical Research Letters, 8, 381
36	Polar cap hot patches: Enhanced density structures different from the classical patches in the ionosphere Zhang, Q.-H., Ma, Y.-Z., Jayachandran, P. T., Moen, J., Lockwood, M., Zhang, Y.-L., Foster, J. C., Zhang, S.-R., Wang, Y., Themens, D. R., Zhang, B.-C. & Xing, Z. Y., 2017, Geophysical Research Letters, 44, 8159
36	Location and characteristics of the reconnection X line deduced from low-altitude satellite and ground-based observations. 1. Theory Lockwood, M., 1995, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 21791
36	Possible impacts of a future grand solar minimum on climate: Stratospheric and global circulation changes Maycock, A. C., Ineson, S., Gray, L. J., Scaife, A. A., Anstey, J. A., Lockwood, M., Butchart, N., Hardiman, S. C., Mitchell, D. M. & Osprey, S. M., 2015, Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres), 120, 9043
36	Transpolar voltage and polar cap flux during the substorm cycle and steady convection events Lockwood, Mike, Hairston, Marc, Finch, Ivan & Rouillard, Alexis, 2009, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 114, A01210
36	Graphical evidence for the solar coronal structure during the Maunder minimum: comparative study of the total eclipse drawings in 1706 and 1715 Hayakawa, Hisashi, Lockwood, Mike, Owens, Matthew J., Sôma, Mitsuru, Besser, Bruno P. & van Driel-Gesztelyi, Lidia, 2021, Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 11, 1
36	Thermal ion flows in the topside auroral ionosphere and the effects of low-altitude, transverse acceleration Lockwood, M., 1982, Planetary and Space Science, 30, 595
36	Sunward Strahl: A Method to Unambiguously Determine Open Solar Flux from In Situ Spacecraft Measurements Using Suprathermal Electron Data Owens, M. J., Lockwood, M., Riley, P. & Linker, J., 2017, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 122, 10,980
35	Simultaneous optical and radar signatures of poleward-moving auroral forms Thorolfsson, A., Cerisier, J.-C., Lockwood, M., Sandholt, P. E., Senior, C. & Lester, M., 2000, Annales Geophysicae, 18, 1054
35	The evolution of inverted magnetic fields through the inner heliosphere Macneil, Allan R., Owens, Mathew J., Wicks, Robert T., Lockwood, Mike, Bentley, Sarah N. & Lang, Matthew, 2020, MNRAS, 494, 3642
35	Ion flows and heating at a contracting polar-cap boundary Lockwood, M., Cowley, S. W. H., Todd, H., Willis, D. M. & Clauer, C. R., 1988, Planetary and Space Science, 36, 1229
35	Dayside moving auroral transients related to LLBL dynamics Moen, J., Evans, D., Carlson, H. C. & Lockwood, M., 1996, Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 3247
34	A homogeneous aa index: 1. Secular variation Lockwood, Mike, Chambodut, Aude, Barnard, Luke A., Owens, Mathew J., Clarke, Ellen & Mendel, Véronique, 2018, Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 8, A53
34	An Assessment of Sunspot Number Data Composites over 1845-2014 Lockwood, M., Owens, M. J., Barnard, L. & Usoskin, I. G., 2016, ApJ, 824, 54
34	Galactic Cosmic Ray Modulation near the Heliospheric Current Sheet Thomas, S. R., Owens, M. J., Lockwood, M. & Scott, C. J., 2014, Solar Physics, 289, 2653
34	Analysis of incoherent scatter radar data from non-thermal F-region plasma Suvanto, K., Lockwood, M., Winser, K. J., Farmer, A. D. & Bromage, B. J. I., 1989, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 51, 483
34	Motion of the dayside polar cap boundary during substorm cycles: I. Observations of pulses in the magnetopause reconnection rate Lockwood, M., Moen, J., van Eyken, A. P., Davies, J. A., Oksavik, K. & McCrea, I. W., 2005, Annales Geophysicae, 23, 3495
34	Top-down solar modulation of climate: evidence for centennial-scale change Lockwood, M., Bell, C., Woollings, T., Harrison, R. G., Gray, L. J. & Haigh, J. D., 2010, Environmental Research Letters, 5, 034008
34	How the magnetopause transition parameter works Lockwood, M. & Hapgood, M. A., 1997, Geophysical Research Letters, 24, 373
33	A homogeneous aa index: 2. Hemispheric asymmetries and the equinoctial variation Lockwood, Mike, Finch, Ivan D., Chambodut, Aude, Barnard, Luke A., Owens, Mathew J. & Clarke, Ellen, 2018, Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 8, A58
33	The excitation of ionospheric convection. Lockwood, M., 1991, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 53, 177
33	A space hurricane over the Earth's polar ionosphere Zhang, Qing-He, Zhang, Yong-Liang, Wang, Chi, Oksavik, Kjellmar, Lyons, Larry R., Lockwood, Michael, Yang, Hui-Gen, Tang, Bin-Bin, Moen, Jøran Idar, Xing, Zan-Yang, Ma, Yu-Zhang, Wang, Xiang-Yu, Ning, Ya-Fei & Xia, Li-Dong, 2021, Nature Communications, 12, 1207
33	A numerical model of the ionospheric signatures of time-varying magneticreconnection: I. ionospheric convection Lockwood, M. & Morley, S., 2004, Annales Geophysicae, 22, 73
32	Tests of Sunspot Number Sequences: 3. Effects of Regression Procedures on the Calibration of Historic Sunspot Data Lockwood, M., Owens, M. J., Barnard, L. & Usoskin, I. G., 2016, Solar Physics, 291, 2829
32	The Accuracy of Using the Ulysses Result of the Spatial Invariance of the Radial Heliospheric Field to Compute the Open Solar Flux Lockwood, M. & Owens, M., 2009, ApJ, 701, 964
32	An evaluation of the correlation between open solar flux and total solar irradiance Lockwood, M., 2002, A&A, 382, 678
32	On Optimum Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Coupling Functions for Transpolar Voltage and Planetary Geomagnetic Activity Lockwood, Mike & McWilliams, Kathryn A., 2021, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 126, e29946
32	On the determination of ion temperature in the auroral F-region ionosphere Lockwood, M. & Winser, K. J., 1988, Planetary and Space Science, 36, 1295
31	ESR and EISCAT observations of the response of the cusp and cleft to IMF orientation changes McCrea, I. W., Lockwood, M., Moen, J., Pitout, F., Eglitis, P., Aylward, A. D., Cerisier, J.-C., Thorolfssen, A. & Milan, S. E., 2000, Annales Geophysicae, 18, 1009
31	Near-Earth heliospheric magnetic field intensity since 1750: 1. Sunspot and geomagnetic reconstructions Owens, M. J., Cliver, E., McCracken, K. G., Beer, J., Barnard, L., Lockwood, M., Rouillard, A., Passos, D., Riley, P., Usoskin, I. & Wang, Y.-M., 2016, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 121, 6048
31	The characteristics of the magnetopause reconnection X-line deduced from low-altitude satellite observations of cusp ions Lockwood, M., Onsager, T. G., Davis, C. J., Smith, M. F. & Denig, W. F., 1994, Geophysical Research Letters, 21, 2757
31	Solar Wind—Magnetosphere Coupling Functions: Pitfalls, Limitations, and Applications Lockwood, Mike, 2022, Space Weather, 20, e2021SW002989
31	Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature. II. Different reconstructions of the total solar irradiance variation and dependence on response time scale Lockwood, Mike & Fröhlich, Claus, 2008, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A, 464, 1367
30	Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heliosphere Yardley, Stephanie L., Brooks, David H., D'Amicis, Raffaella, Owen, Christopher J., Long, David M., Baker, Deb, Démoulin, Pascal, Owens, Mathew J., Lockwood, Mike, Mihailescu, Teodora, Coburn, Jesse T., Dewey, Ryan M., Müller, Daniel, Suen, Gabriel H. H., Ngampoopun, Nawin, Louarn, Philippe, Livi, Stefano, Lepri, Sue, Fludra, Andrzej, Haberreiter, Margit & Schühle, Udo, 2024, Nature Astronomy, 8, 953
30	Plasma structure within poleward-moving cusp/cleft auroral transients: EISCAT Svalbard radar observations and an explanation in terms of large local time extent of events Lockwood, M., McCrea, I. W., Milan, S. E., Moen, J., Cerisier, J. C. & Thorolfsson, A., 2000, Annales Geophysicae, 18, 1027
30	The distribution of the ring current: Cluster observations Zhang, Q.-H., Dunlop, M. W., Lockwood, M., Holme, R., Kamide, Y., Baumjohann, W., Liu, R.-Y., Yang, H.-G., Woodfield, E. E., Hu, H.-Q., Zhang, B.-C. & Liu, S.-L., 2011, Annales Geophysicae, 29, 1655
30	Space climate and space weather over the past 400 years: 2. Proxy indicators of geomagnetic storm and substorm occurrence Lockwood, Mike, Owens, Mathew J., Barnard, Luke A., Scott, Chris J., Watt, Clare E. & Bentley, Sarah, 2018, Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 8, A12
29	What influence will future solar activity changes over the 21st century have on projected global near-surface temperature changes? Jones, Gareth S., Lockwood, Mike & Stott, Peter A., 2012, Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres), 117, D05103
29	Cusp ion steps, field-aligned currents and poleward moving auroral forms Lockwood, M., Milan, S. E., Onsager, T., Perry, C. H., Scudder, J. A., Russell, C. T. & Brittnacher, M., 2001, Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 29555
29	The Sun-Earth Connection in Time Scales from Years to Decades and Centuries Pulkkinen, T. I., Nevanlinna, H., Pulkkinen, P. J. & Lockwood, M., 2001, Space Science Reviews, 95, 625
28	Earth's ion upflow associated with polar cap patches: Global and in situ observations Zhang, Qing-He, Zong, Qiu-Gang, Lockwood, Michael, Heelis, Roderick A., Hairston, Marc, Liang, Jun, McCrea, Ian, Zhang, Bei-Chen, Moen, Jøran, Zhang, Shun-Rong, Zhang, Yong-Liang, Ruohoniemi, J. Michael, Lester, Mark, Thomas, Evan G., Liu, Rui-Yuan, Dunlop, Malcolm W., Liu, Yong C.-M. & Ma, Yu-Zhang, 2016, Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 1845
28	Ion acceleration at both the interior and exterior Alfvén waves associated with the magnetopause reconnection site: Signatures in cusp precipitation Lockwood, M., Cowley, S. W. H. & Onsager, T. G., 1996, Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 21501
27	Comment on “Mapping the dayside ionosphere to the magnetosphere according to particle precipitation characteristics” by Newell and Meng Lockwood, M. & Smith, M. F., 1993, Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 1739
27	A statistical study of large field-aligned flows of thermal ions at high-latitudes Keating, J. G., Mulligan, F. J., Doyle, D. B., Winser, K. J. & Lockwood, M., 1990, Planetary and Space Science, 38, 1187
27	Semi-annual, annual and Universal Time variations in the magnetosphere and in geomagnetic activity: 2. Response to solar wind power input and relationships with solar wind dynamic pressure and magnetospheric flux transport Lockwood, Mike, McWilliams, Kathryn A., Owens, Mathew J., Barnard, Luke A., Watt, Clare E., Scott, Chris J., Macneil, Allan R. & Coxon, John C., 2020, Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 10, 30
27	High-Latitude Particle Precipitation and its Relationship to Magnetospheric Source Regions Onsager, T. G. & Lockwood, M., 1997, Space Science Reviews, 80, 77
27	Auroral and plasma flow transients at magnetic noon Lockwood, M., Sandholt, P. E., Farmer, A. D., Cowley, S. W. H., Lybekk, B. & Davda, V. N., 1990, Planetary and Space Science, 38, 973
27	The dynamics and relationships of precipitation, temperature and convection boundaries in the dayside auroral ionosphere Moen, J., Lockwood, M., Oksavik, K., Carlson, H., Denig, W., Eyken, A. & McCrea, I., 2004, Annales Geophysicae, 22, 1973
26	IMF control of cusp proton emission intensity and dayside convection: implications for component and anti-parallel reconnection Lockwood, M., Lanchester, B. S., Frey, H. U., Throp, K., Morley, S. K., Milan, S. E. & Lester, M., 2003, Annales Geophysicae, 21, 955
26	Thermospheric control of the auroral source of 0+ ions for the magnetosphere Lockwood, M., 1984, Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, 301
26	Coordinated Cluster and ground-based instrument observations of transient changes in the magnetopause boundary layer during an interval of predominantly northward IMF: relation to reconnection pulses and FTE signatures Lockwood, M., Fazakerley, A., Opgenoorth, H., Moen, J., van Eyken, A. P., Dunlop, M., Bosqued, J.-M., Lu, G., Cully, C., Eglitis, P., McCrea, I. W., Hapgood, M. A., Wild, M. N., Stamper, R., Denig, W., Taylor, M., Wild, J. A., Provan, G., Amm, O., Kauristie, K., Pulkkinen, T., Strømme, A., Prikryl, P., Pitout, F., Balogh, A., Rème, H., Behlke, R., Hansen, T., Greenwald, R., Frey, H., Morley, S. K., Alcaydé, D., Blelly, P.-L., Donovan, E., Engebretson, M., Lester, M., Watermann, J. & Marcucci, M. F., 2001, Annales Geophysicae, 19, 1613
26	Long term changes in EUV and X-ray emissions from the solar corona and chromosphere as measured by the response of the Earth's ionosphere during total solar eclipses from 1932 to 1999 Davis, C. J., Clarke, E. M., Bamford, R. A., Lockwood, M. & Bell, S. A., 2001, Annales Geophysicae, 19, 263
26	Modulation of UK lightning by heliospheric magnetic field polarity Owens, M. J., Scott, C. J., Lockwood, M., Barnard, L., Harrison, R. G., Nicoll, K., Watt, C. & Bennett, A. J., 2014, Environmental Research Letters, 9, 115009
26	Space climate and space weather over the past 400 years: 1. The power input to the magnetosphere Lockwood, Mike, Owens, Mathew J., Barnard, Luke A., Scott, Chris J. & Watt, Clare. E., 2017, Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 7, A25
25	Polar cap patch transportation beyond the classic scenario Zhang, Qing-He, Moen, Jøran, Lockwood, Michael, McCrea, Ian, Zhang, Bei-Chen, McWilliams, Kathryn A., Zong, Qiu-Gang, Zhang, Shun-Rong, Ruohoniemi, J. Michael, Thomas, Evan G., Dunlop, Malcolm W., Liu, Rui-Yuan, Yang, Hui-Gen, Hu, Hong-Qiao & Lester, Mark, 2016, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 121, 9063
25	Cloud base height and cosmic rays Harrison, R. G., Ambaum, M. H. P. & Lockwood, M., 2011, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A, 467, 2777
25	Implications of the Recent Low Solar Minimum for the Solar Wind during the Maunder Minimum Lockwood, M. & Owens, M. J., 2014, ApJ, 781, L7
25	The Solar Stormwatch CME catalogue: Results from the first space weather citizen science project Barnard, L., Scott, C., Owens, M., Lockwood, M., Tucker-Hood, K., Thomas, S., Crothers, S., Davies, J. A., Harrison, R., Lintott, C., Simpson, R., O'Donnell, J., Smith, A. M., Waterson, N., Bamford, S., Romeo, F., Kukula, M., Owens, B., Savani, N., Wilkinson, J., Baeten, E., Poeffel, L. & Harder, B., 2014, Space Weather, 12, 657
24	Flow in the high latitude ionosphere - Measurements at 15 s resolution made using the EISCAT 'Polar' experiment Todd, H., Cowley, S. W. H., Etemadi, A., Bromage, B. J. I. & Lockwood, M., 1988, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 50, 423
24	Ground-based observations of the auroral zone and polar cap ionospheric responses to dayside transient reconnection Davies, J. A., Yeoman, T. K., Rae, I. J., Milan, S. E., Lester, M., Lockwood, M. & McWilliams, A., 2002, Annales Geophysicae, 20, 781
24	Centennial variations in sunspot number, open solar flux, and streamer belt width: 2. Comparison with the geomagnetic data Lockwood, M., Owens, M. J. & Barnard, L., 2014, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 119, 5183
24	Recent changes in solar outputs and the global mean surface temperature. III. Analysis of contributions to global mean air surface temperature rise Lockwood, Mike, 2008, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A, 464, 1387
23	What do Cosmogenic Isotopes Tell us About Past Solar Forcing of Climate? Lockwood, M., 2006, Space Science Reviews, 125, 95
23	Ion populations on open field lines within the dayside low-latitude boundary Layer: Theory and observations during a transient event Lockwood, M. & Moen, J., 1996, Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 2895
23	The Solar Corona during the Total Eclipse on 1806 June 16: Graphical Evidence of the Coronal Structure during the Dalton Minimum Hayakawa, Hisashi, Owens, Mathew J., Lockwood, Michael & Sôma, Mitsuru, 2020, ApJ, 900, 114
23	Time-of-day/time-of-year response functions of planetary geomagnetic indices Lockwood, Mike, Chambodut, Aude, Finch, Ivan D., Barnard, Luke A., Owens, Mathew J. & Haines, Carl, 2019, Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 9, A20
22	Tests of Sunspot Number Sequences: 2. Using Geomagnetic and Auroral Data Lockwood, M., Owens, M. J., Barnard, L., Scott, C. J., Usoskin, I. G. & Nevanlinna, H., 2016, Solar Physics, 291, 2811
22	Simultaneous observations of reconnection pulses at Cluster and their effects on the cusp aurora observed at the Chinese Yellow River Station Zhang, Q.-H., Dunlop, M. W., Lockwood, M., Liu, R.-Y., Hu, H.-Q., Yang, H.-G., Hu, Z.-J., Bogdanova, Y. V., Shen, C., Zhang, B.-C., Han, D.-S., Liu, S.-L., McCrea, I. W. & Lester, M., 2010, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 115, A10237
22	A Signature of 27 day Solar Rotation in the Concentration of Metallic Ions within the Terrestrial Ionosphere Yu, Bingkun, Scott, Christopher J., Xue, Xianghui, Yue, Xinan, Chi, Yutian, Dou, Xiankang & Lockwood, Mike, 2021, ApJ, 916, 106
22	Generation of Inverted Heliospheric Magnetic Flux by Coronal Loop Opening and Slow Solar Wind Release Owens, Mathew J., Lockwood, Mike, Barnard, Luke A. & MacNeil, Allan R., 2018, ApJ, 868, L14
22	Signatures of Coronal Loop Opening via Interchange Reconnection in the Slow Solar Wind at 1 AU Owens, Mathew, Lockwood, Mike, Macneil, Allan & Stansby, David, 2020, Solar Physics, 295, 37
22	Measuring ion temperatures and studying the ion energy balance in the high-latitude ionosphere Winser, K. J., Lockwood, M., Jones, G. O. L., Rishbeth, H. & Ashford, M. G., 1990, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 52, 501
22	Near-Earth heliospheric magnetic field intensity since 1750: 2. Cosmogenic radionuclide reconstructions Owens, M. J., Cliver, E., McCracken, K. G., Beer, J., Barnard, L., Lockwood, M., Rouillard, A., Passos, D., Riley, P., Usoskin, I. & Wang, Y.-M., 2016, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 121, 6064
21	Lightning as a space-weather hazard: UK thunderstorm activity modulated by the passage of the heliospheric current sheet Owens, M. J., Scott, C. J., Bennett, A. J., Thomas, S. R., Lockwood, M., Harrison, R. G. & Lam, M. M., 2015, Geophysical Research Letters, 42, 9624
21	Overlapping cusp ion injections: An explanation invoking magnetopause reconnection Lockwood, M., 1995, Geophysical Research Letters, 22, 1141
21	Scattered power from non-thermal, F-region plasma observed by EISCAT - Evidence for coherent echoes? Lockwood, M., Bromage, B. J. I., Suvanto, K., St.-Maurice, J.-P. & Kikuchi, K., 1988, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 50, 467
21	Observations of nonthermal plasmas at different aspect angles Winser, K. J., Lockwood, M., Jones, G. O. L. & Suvanto, K., 1989, Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, 1439
21	Does Adding Solar Wind Poynting Flux Improve the Optimum Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Coupling Function? Lockwood, Mike, 2019, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 124, 5498
21	Coherent EISCAT Svalbard Radar spectra from the dayside cusp/cleft and their implications for transient field-aligned currents Sedgemore-Schulthess, K. J. F., Lockwood, M., Trondsen, T. S., Lanchester, B. S., Rees, M. H., Lorentzen, D. A. & Moen, J., 1999, Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 24613
21	Causes of plasma flow bursts and dayside auroral transients: An evaluation of two models invoking reconnection pulses and changes in the Y component of the magnetosheath field Lockwood, M., Cowley, S. W. H., Sandholt, P. E. & Lovhaug, U. P., 1995, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 7613
20	Near-Earth Solar Wind Forecasting Using Corotation From L5: The Error Introduced By Heliographic Latitude Offset Owens, M. J., Riley, P., Lang, M. & Lockwood, M., 2019, Space Weather, 17, 1105
20	The Variation of Geomagnetic Storm Duration with Intensity Haines, C., Owens, M. J., Barnard, L., Lockwood, M. & Ruffenach, A., 2019, Solar Physics, 294, 154
20	A Survey of 25 Years' Transpolar Voltage Data From the SuperDARN Radar Network and the Expanding-Contracting Polar Cap Model Lockwood, Mike & McWilliams, Kathryn A., 2021, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 126, e29554
20	Coordinated Cluster, ground-based instrumentation and low-altitude satellite observations of transient poleward-moving events in the ionosphere and in the tail lobe Lockwood, M., Opgenoorth, H., van Eyken, A. P., Fazakerley, A., Bosqued, J.-M., Denig, W., Wild, J. A., Cully, C., Greenwald, R., Lu, G., Amm, O., Frey, H., Strømme, A., Prikryl, P., Hapgood, M. A., Wild, M. N., Stamper, R., Taylor, M., McCrea, I., Kauristie, K., Pulkkinen, T., Pitout, F., Balogh, A., Dunlop, M., Rème, H., Behlke, R., Hansen, T., Provan, G., Eglitis, P., Morley, S. K., Alcaydé, D., Blelly, P.-L., Moen, J., Donovan, E., Engebretson, M., Lester, M., Watermann, J. & Marcucci, M. F., 2001, Annales Geophysicae, 19, 1589
20	The Latitudinal Effect of Corotating Interaction Regions on Galactic Cosmic Rays Rouillard, A. P. & Lockwood, M., 2007, Solar Physics, 245, 191
19	The source population for the cusp and cleft/LLBL for southward IMF Fuselier, S. A., Lockwood, M., Onsager, T. G. & Peterson, W. K., 1999, Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 1665
19	The effect of rapid changes in ionospheric flow on velocity vectors deduced from radar beam-swinging experiments Etemadi, A., Cowley, S. W. H. & Lockwood, M., 1989, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 51, 125
19	Recent Ionospheric Observations Relating to Solar-Wind--Magnetosphere Coupling Lockwood, M. & Freeman, M. P., 1989, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A, 328, 93
18	The Development of a Space Climatology: 3. Models of the Evolution of Distributions of Space Weather Variables With Timescale Lockwood, Mike, Bentley, Sarah N., Owens, Mathew J., Barnard, Luke A., Scott, Chris J., Watt, Clare E., Allanson, Oliver & Freeman, Mervyn P., 2019, Space Weather, 17, 180
18	Quantifying the latitudinal representivity of in situ solar wind observations Owens, Mathew J., Lang, Matthew, Riley, Pete, Lockwood, Mike & Lawless, Amos S., 2020, Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 10, 8
18	Rapid changes in LLBL thickness Hapgood, Mike & Lockwood, Mike, 1995, Geophysical Research Letters, 22, 77
18	Departures from diffusive equilibrium in the topside F-layer from satellite soundings Lockwood, M. & Titheridge, J. E., 1982, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 44, 425
18	Field-aligned plasma flow in the quiet, mid-latitude ionosphere deduced from topside soundings Lockwood, M., 1983, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 45, 1
18	Semi-annual, annual and Universal Time variations in the magnetosphere and in geomagnetic activity: 3. Modelling Lockwood, Mike, Owens, Mathew J., Barnard, Luke A., Watt, Clare E., Scott, Chris J., Coxon, John C. & McWilliams, Kathryn A., 2020, Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 10, 61
18	Solar cycle 24: what is the Sun up to? Lockwood, Mike, Owens, Mat, Barnard, Luke, Davis, Chris & Thomas, Simon, 2012, Astronomy and Geophysics, 53, 3.09
17	Field-perpendicular and field-aligned plasma flows observed by EISCAT during a prolonged period of northward IMF Farmer, A. D., Lockwood, M., Horne, R. B., Bromage, B. J. I. & Freeman, K. S., 1984, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 46, 473
17	Dawn-dusk asymmetry in particles of solar wind origin within the magnetosphere Stubbs, T. J., Lockwood, M., Cargill, P., Fennell, J., Grande, M., Kellett, B., Perry, C. & Rees, A., 2001, Annales Geophysicae, 19, 1
17	Modeling the Observed Distortion of Multiple (Ghost) CME Fronts in STEREO Heliospheric Imagers Chi, Yutian, Scott, Christopher, Shen, Chenglong, Barnard, Luke, Owens, Mathew, Xu, Mengjiao, Zhang, Jie, Jones, Shannon, Zhong, Zhihui, Yu, Bingkun, Lang, Matthew, Wang, Yuming & Lockwood, Mike, 2021, ApJ, 917, L16
17	The Value of CME Arrival Time Forecasts for Space Weather Mitigation Owens, M. J., Lockwood, M. & Barnard, L. A., 2020, Space Weather, 18, e02507
17	Location and characteristics of the reconnection X line deduced from low-altitude satellite and ground-based observations. 2. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program and European Incoherent Scatter data Lockwood, M., Davis, C. J., Smith, M. F., Onsager, T. G. & Denig, W. F., 1995, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 21803
17	Tests of Sunspot Number Sequences: 1. Using Ionosonde Data Lockwood, M., Scott, C. J., Owens, M. J., Barnard, L. & Willis, D. M., 2016, Solar Physics, 291, 2785
17	Near-Earth Cosmic Ray Decreases Associated with Remote Coronal Mass Ejections Thomas, S. R., Owens, M. J., Lockwood, M., Barnard, L. & Scott, C. J., 2015, ApJ, 801, 5
16	On the voltage and distance across the low latitude boundary layer Hapgood, Mike & Lockwood, Mike, 1993, Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 145
16	On the Origin of Ortho-Gardenhose Heliospheric Flux Lockwood, Mike, Owens, Mathew J. & Macneil, Allan, 2019, Solar Physics, 294, 85
16	The influence of anisotropic F region ion velocity distributions on ionospheric ion outflows into the magnetosphere Suvanto, K., Lockwood, M. & Fuller-Rowell, T. J., 1989, Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, 1347
16	Precipitation Modification by Ionization Harrison, R. Giles, Nicoll, Keri A., Ambaum, Maarten H. P., Marlton, Graeme J., Aplin, Karen L. & Lockwood, Michael, 2020, Physical Review Letters, 124, 198701
16	Was UV spectral solar irradiance lower during the recent low sunspot minimum? Lockwood, Mike, 2011, Journal of Geophysical Research (Atmospheres), 116, D16103
16	EISCAT observations of ion composition and temperature anisotropy in the high-latitude F-region Lockwood, M., McCrea, I. W., Millward, G. H., Moffett, R. J. & Rishbeth, H., 1993, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 55, 895
15	Auroral bright spot sequence near 1400 MLT: Coordinated optical and ion drift observations Sandholt, P. E., Lockwood, M., Lybekk, B. & Farmer, A. D., 1990, Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 21095
15	Placing limits on long-term variations in quiet-Sun irradiance and their contribution to total solar irradiance and solar radiative forcing of climate Lockwood, Mike & Ball, William T., 2020, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A, 476, 20200077
15	Solar physics: Shining a light on solar impacts Lockwood, Mike, 2011, Nature Climate Change, 1, 98
15	Solar wind control of magnetospheric energy content: Substorm quenching and multiple onsets Karlsson, S. B. P., Opgenoorth, H. J., Eglitis, P., Kauristie, K., Syrjäsuo, M., Pulkkinen, T., Lockwood, M., Nakamura, R., Reeves, G. & Romanov, S., 2000, Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 5335
15	The Development of a Space Climatology: 2. The Distribution of Power Input Into the Magnetosphere on a 3-Hourly Timescale Lockwood, Mike, Bentley, Sarah N., Owens, Mathew J., Barnard, Luke A., Scott, Chris J., Watt, Clare E., Allanson, Oliver & Freeman, Mervyn P., 2019, Space Weather, 17, 157
15	Semi-annual, annual and Universal Time variations in the magnetosphere and in geomagnetic activity: 4. Polar Cap motions and origins of the Universal Time effect Lockwood, Mike, Haines, Carl, Barnard, Luke A., Owens, Mathew J., Scott, Chris J., Chambodut, Aude & McWilliams, Kathryn A., 2021, Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 11, 15
15	Variability of dayside high latitude convection associated with a sequence of auroral transients. Moen, J., Lockwood, M., Sandholt, P. E., Lovhaug, U. P., Denig, W. F., van Eyken, A. P. & Egeland, A., 1996, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 58, 85
15	The solar influence on the probability of relatively cold UK winters in the future Lockwood, M., Harrison, R. G., Owens, M. J., Barnard, L., Woollings, T. & Steinhilber, F., 2011, Environmental Research Letters, 6, 034004
15	Modeling the observed proton aurora and ionospheric convection responses to changes in the IMF clock angle: 2. Persistence of ionospheric convection Lockwood, M., Lanchester, B. S., Morley, S. K., Throp, K., Milan, S. E., Lester, M. & Frey, H. U., 2006, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 111, A02306
15	Slow Solar Wind Connection Science during Solar Orbiter's First Close Perihelion Passage Yardley, Stephanie L., Owen, Christopher J., Long, David M., Baker, Deborah, Brooks, David H., Polito, Vanessa, Green, Lucie M., Matthews, Sarah, Owens, Mathew, Lockwood, Mike, Stansby, David, James, Alexander W., Valori, Gherardo, Giunta, Alessandra, Janvier, Miho, Ngampoopun, Nawin, Mihailescu, Teodora, To, Andy S. H., van Driel-Gesztelyi, Lidia, Démoulin, Pascal, D'Amicis, Raffaella, French, Ryan J., Suen, Gabriel H. H., Rouillard, Alexis P., Pinto, Rui F., Réville, Victor, Watson, Christopher J., Walsh, Andrew P., De Groof, Anik, Williams, David R., Zouganelis, Ioannis, Müller, Daniel, Berghmans, David, Auchère, Frédéric, Harra, Louise, Schuehle, Udo, Barczynski, Krysztof, Buchlin, Éric, Cuadrado, Regina Aznar, Kraaikamp, Emil, Mandal, Sudip, Parenti, Susanna, Peter, Hardi, Rodriguez, Luciano, Schwanitz, Conrad, Smith, Phil, Teriaca, Luca, Verbeeck, Cis, Zhukov, Andrei N., De Pontieu, Bart, Horbury, Tim, Solanki, Sami K., del Toro Iniesta, Jose Carlos, Woch, Joachim, Gandorfer, Achim, Hirzberger, Johann, Súarez, David Orozco, Appourchaux, Thierry, Calchetti, Daniele, Sinjan, Jonas, Kahil, Fatima, Albert, Kinga, Volkmer, Reiner, Carlsson, Mats, Fludra, Andrzej, Hassler, Don, Caldwell, Martin, Fredvik, Terje, Grundy, Tim, Guest, Steve, Haberreiter, Margit, Leeks, Sarah, Pelouze, Gabriel, Plowman, Joseph, Schmutz, Werner, Sidher, Sunil, Thompson, William T., Louarn, Philippe & Federov, Andrei, 2023, ApJS, 267, 11
14	Universal Time Variations in the Magnetosphere and the Effect of CME Arrival Time: Analysis of the February 2022 Event that Led to the Loss of Starlink Satellites Lockwood, M., Owens, M. J. & Barnard, L. A., 2023, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 128, e2022JA031177
14	A numerical model of the ionospheric signatures of time-varying magnetic reconnection: III. Quasi-instantaneous convection responses in the Cowley-Lockwood paradigm Morley, S. K. & Lockwood, M., 2006, Annales Geophysicae, 24, 961
14	Centennial changes in solar activity and the response of galactic cosmic rays Rouillard, A. P. & Lockwood, M., 2007, Advances in Space Research, 40, 1078
14	Occurrence probability, width and number of steps of cusp precipitation for fully pulsed reconnection at the dayside magnetopause Lockwood, M. & Davis, C. J., 1995, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 7627
14	Estimating the Open Solar Flux from In-Situ Measurements Frost, Anna Marie, Owens, Mathew, Macneil, Allan & Lockwood, Mike, 2022, Solar Physics, 297, 82
14	Predicting the arrival of high-speed solar wind streams at Earth using the STEREO Heliospheric Imagers Davis, C. J., Davies, J. A., Owens, M. J. & Lockwood, M., 2012, Space Weather, 10, S02003
13	Development of substorm cross-tail current disruption as seen from the ground Gazey, N. G. J., Lockwood, M., Smith, P. N., Coles, S., Bunting, R. J., Lester, M., Aylward, A. D., Yeoman, T. K. & Lühr, H., 1995, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 9633
13	Radial Evolution of Sunward Strahl Electrons in the Inner Heliosphere Macneil, Allan R., Owens, Mathew J., Lockwood, Mike, Štverák, Štěpán & Owen, Christopher J., 2020, Solar Physics, 295, 16
13	A survey of gradual solar energetic particle events Barnard, L. & Lockwood, M., 2011, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 116, A05103
13	Using the "Ghost Front" to Predict the Arrival Time and Speed of CMEs at Venus and Earth Chi, Yutian, Scott, Christopher, Shen, Chenglong, Owens, Mathew, Lang, Matthew, Xu, Mengjiao, Zhong, Zhihui, Zhang, Jie, Wang, Yuming & Lockwood, Mike, 2020, ApJ, 899, 143
12	A multipoint study of a substorm occurring on 7 December, 1992, and its theoretical implications Fox, N. J., Cowley, S. W. H., Davda, V. N., Enno, G., Friis-Christensen, E., Greenwald, R. A., Hairston, M. R., Lester, M., Lockwood, M., Lühr, H., Milling, D. K., Murphree, J. S., Pinnock, M. & Reeves, G. D., 1999, Annales Geophysicae, 17, 1369
12	Model predictions of the occurrence of non-Maxwellian plasmas, and analysis of their effects on EISCAT data Farmer, A. D., Lockwood, M., Fuller-Rowell, T. J., Suvanto, K. & Lovhaug, U. P., 1988, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 50, 487
12	Differences between the CME fronts tracked by an expert, an automated algorithm, and the Solar Stormwatch project Barnard, L., Scott, C. J., Owens, M., Lockwood, M., Crothers, S. R., Davies, J. A. & Harrison, R. A., 2015, Space Weather, 13, 709
11	Capturing Uncertainty in Magnetospheric Ultralow Frequency Wave Models Bentley, S. N., Watt, Clare E. J., Rae, I. J., Owens, M. J., Murphy, K., Lockwood, M. & Sandhu, J. K., 2019, Space Weather, 17, 599
11	Application of historic datasets to understanding open solar flux and the 20th-century grand solar maximum. 1. Geomagnetic, ionospheric, and sunspot observations Lockwood, Mike, Owens, Mathew J., Barnard, Luke A., Scott, Chris J., Frost, Anna M., Yu, Bingkun & Chi, Yutian, 2022, Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 9, 960775
11	Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling: Implications of Non-Equilibrium Conditions Lockwood, Mike & Cowley, Stan W. H., 2022, Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 9, 908571
10	Unusual shrinkage and reshaping of Earth's magnetosphere under a strong northward interplanetary magnetic field Wang, Xiang-Yu, Zhang, Qing-He, Wang, Chi, Zhang, Yong-Liang, Tang, Bin-Bin, Xing, Zan-Yang, Oksavik, Kjellmar, Lyons, Larry R., Lockwood, Michael, Zong, Qiu-Gang, Li, Guo-Jun, Liu, Jing, Ma, Yu-Zhang & Wang, Yong, 2023, Communications Earth and Environment, 4, 31
10	Coordinated ground-based, low altitude satellite and Cluster observations on global and local scales during a transient post-noon sector excursion of the magnetospheric cusp Opgenoorth, H. J., Lockwood, M., Alcaydé, D., Donovan, E., Engebretson, M. J., van Eyken, A. P., Kauristie, K., Lester, M., Moen, J., Waterman, J., Alleyne, H., André, M., Dunlop, M. W., Cornilleau-Wehrlin, N., Masson, A., Fazerkerley, A., Rème, H., André, R., Amm, O., Balogh, A., Behlke, R., Blelly, P. L., Boholm, H., Borälv, E., Bosqued, J. M., Buchert, S., Candidi, M., Cerisier, J. C., Cully, C., Denig, W. F., Eglitis, P., Greenwald, R. A., Jackal, B., Kelly, J. D., Krauklis, I., Lu, G., Mann, I. R., Marcucci, M. F., McCrea, I. W., Maksimovic, M., Massetti, S., Décréau, P. M. E., Milling, D. K., Orsini, S., Pitout, F., Provan, G., Ruohoniemi, J. M., Samson, J. C., Schott, J. J., Sedgemore-Schulthess, F., Stamper, R., Stauning, P., Strømme, A., Taylor, M., Vaivads, A., Villain, J. P., Voronkov, I., Wild, J. A. & Wild, M., 2001, Annales Geophysicae, 19, 1367
10	Tests of Sunspot Number Sequences: 4. Discontinuities Around 1946 in Various Sunspot Number and Sunspot-Group-Number Reconstructions Lockwood, M., Owens, M. J. & Barnard, L., 2016, Solar Physics, 291, 2843
10	Decadal trends in the diurnal variation of galactic cosmic rays observed using neutron monitor data Thomas, Simon, Owens, Mathew, Lockwood, Mike & Owen, Chris, 2017, Annales Geophysicae, 35, 825
10	Large-scale fields and flows in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system Lockwood, M., 1995, Surveys in Geophysics, 16, 389
10	Rapid indirect solar responses observed in the lower atmosphere Harrison, R. Giles & Lockwood, Michael, 2020, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A, 476, 20200164
9	Rate of Change of Large-Scale Solar-Wind Structure Owens, Mathew J., Chakraborty, Nachiketa, Turner, Harriet, Lang, Matthew, Riley, Pete, Lockwood, Mike, Barnard, Luke A. & Chi, Yutian, 2022, Solar Physics, 297, 83
9	Extended cusp-like regions and their dependence on the Polar orbit, seasonal variations, and interplanetary conditions Stubbs, T. J., Cargill, P. J., Lockwood, M., Grande, M., Kellett, B. J. & Perry, C. H., 2004, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 109, A09210
9	Predictive Capabilities of Corotating Interaction Regions Using STEREO and Wind In-Situ Observations Chi, Yutian, Shen, Chenglong, Scott, Christopher, Xu, Mengjiao, Owens, Mathew, Wang, Yuming & Lockwood, Mike, 2022, Space Weather, 20, e2022SW003112
9	The Dynamic Evolution of Multipoint Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections Observed with BepiColombo, Tianwen-1, and MAVEN Chi, Yutian, Shen, Chenglong, Liu, Junyan, Zhong, Zhihui, Owens, Mathew, Scott, Christopher, Barnard, Luke, Yu, Bingkun, Heyner, Daniel, Auster, Hans-Ulrich, Richter, Ingo, Wang, Yuming, Zhang, Tielong, Guo, Jingnan, Sánchez-Cano, Beatriz, Pan, Zonghao, Zou, Zhuxuan, Xu, Mengjiao, Cheng, Long, Su, Zhenpeng, Mao, Dongwei, Zhang, Zhiyong, Wang, Can, Wu, Zhiyong, Wang, Guoqiang, Xiao, Sudong, Liu, Kai, Hao, Xinjun, Li, Yiren, Chen, Manming & Lockwood, Mike, 2023, ApJ, 951, L14
9	What can the annual 10Be solar activity reconstructions tell us about historic space weather? Barnard, Luke, McCracken, Ken G., Owens, Mat J. & Lockwood, Mike, 2018, Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 8, A23
9	Tianwen-1 and MAVEN Observations of the Response of Mars to an Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection Yu, Bingkun, Chi, Yutian, Owens, Mathew, Scott, Christopher J., Shen, Chenglong, Xue, Xianghui, Barnard, Luke, Zhang, Tielong, Heyner, Daniel, Auster, Hans-Ulrich, Richter, Ingo, Guo, Jingnan, Sánchez-Cano, Beatriz, Pan, Zonghao, Zou, Zhuxuan, Su, Zhenpeng, Wu, Zhiyong, Wang, Guoqiang, Xiao, Sudong, Liu, Kai, Hao, Xinjun, Li, Yiren, Chen, Manming, Dou, Xiankang & Lockwood, Mike, 2023, ApJ, 953, 105
9	Short-term variability of solar wind number density, speed and dynamic pressure as a function of the interplanetary magnetic field components: A survey over two solar cycles Bowe, G. A., Hapgood, M. A., Lockwood, M. & Willis, D. M., 1990, Geophysical Research Letters, 17, 1825
9	The first real-time worldwide ionospheric predictions network: An advance in support of spaceborne experimentation, on-line model validation, and space weather Szuszczewicz, E. P., Blanchard, P., Wilkinson, P., Crowley, G., Fuller-Rowell, T., Richards, P., Abdu, M., Bullett, T., Hanbaba, R., Lebreton, J. P., Lester, M., Lockwood, M., Millward, G., Wild, M., Pulinets, S., Reddy, B. M., Stanislawska, I., Vannaroni, G. & Zolesi, B., 1998, Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 449
9	Inner plasma structure of the low-latitude reconnection layer Zhang, Q.-H., Dunlop, M. W., Lockwood, M., Lavraud, B., Bogdanova, Y. V., Hasegawa, H., Yang, H.-G., Liu, R.-Y., Hu, H.-Q., Zhang, B.-C., Pu, Z.-Y., Yang, Z.-W., Wang, J., Taylor, M. G. G. T., Berchem, J., Constantinescu, D., Volwerk, M., Frey, H., Fazakerley, A. N., Shen, C., Shi, J.-K., Sibeck, D., Escoubet, P. & Wild, J. A., 2012, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 117, A08205
9	EISCAT observations of plasma convection and the high-latitude, winter F-region during substorm activity Lockwood, M., Farmer, A. D., Crothers, S. R. & Opgenoorth, H. J., 1984, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 46, 489
9	EISCAT obervations of unusual flows in the norning sector associated with weak substorm activity Fox, N. J., Lockwood, M., Cowley, S. W. H., Freeman, M. P., Friis-Christensen, E., Pinnock, D. K. M. & Reeves, G. D., 1994, Annales Geophysicae, 12, 541
8	Nightside studies of coherent HF Radar spectral width behaviour Woodfield, E. E., Davies, J. A., Lester, M., Yeoman, T. K., Eglitis, P. & Lockwood, M., 2002, Annales Geophysicae, 20, 1399
8	Comment on “By fluctuations in the magnetosheath and azimuthal flow velocity transients in the dayside ionosphere” by Newell and Sibeck Lockwood, M., Cowley, S. W. H. & Smith, M. F., 1994, Geophysical Research Letters, 21, 1819
8	Coronal and heliospheric magnetic flux circulation and its relation to open solar flux evolution Lockwood, Mike, Owens, Mathew J., Imber, Suzanne M., James, Matthew K., Bunce, Emma J. & Yeoman, Timothy K., 2017, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 122, 5870
8	Ion Charge States and Potential Geoeffectiveness: The Role of Coronal Spectroscopy for Space-Weather Forecasting Owens, M. J., Lockwood, M. & Barnard, L. A., 2018, Space Weather, 16, 694
8	Comparisons between EISCAT observations and model calculations of thehigh latitude ionosphere. Quegan, S., Gill, R. S. & Lockwood, M., 1988, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 50, 1057
8	Forecasting Occurrence and Intensity of Geomagnetic Activity With Pattern-Matching Approaches Haines, C., Owens, M. J., Barnard, L., Lockwood, M., Ruffenach, A., Boykin, K. & McGranaghan, R., 2021, Space Weather, 19, e2020SW002624
8	Quantifying the Uncertainty in CME Kinematics Derived From Geometric Modeling of Heliospheric Imager Data Barnard, L., Owens, M. J., Scott, C. J., Lockwood, M., de Koning, C. A., Amerstorfer, T., Hinterreiter, J., Möstl, C., Davies, J. A. & Riley, P., 2022, Space Weather, 20, e2021SW002841
8	A simple model of the effects of the mid-latitude total ion trough in the bottomside F layer on HF radiowave propagation Lockwood, M., 1981, Radio Science, 16, 385
8	Northern and Southern Hemisphere Polar Cap Indices: To What Extent Do They Agree and to What Extent Should They Agree? Lockwood, M., 2023, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 128, e2023JA031464
7	Jim Dungey, The Open Magnetosphere, and Space Weather Lockwood, Mike, 2016, Space Weather, 14, 380
7	Cosmic ray modulation of infra-red radiation in the atmosphere Aplin, K. L. & Lockwood, M., 2013, Environmental Research Letters, 8, 015026
7	Cusp observations during a sequence of fast IMF BZ reversals Cai, H. T., McCrea, I. W., Dunlop, M. W., Davies, J. A., Bogdanova, Y. V., Pitout, F., Milan, S. E., Lockwood, M. & Ma, S. Y., 2009, Annales Geophysicae, 27, 2721
7	Solar Energetic-Particle Ground-Level Enhancements and the Solar Cycle Owens, Mathew J., Barnard, Luke A., Pope, Benjamin J. S., Lockwood, Mike, Usoskin, Ilya & Asvestari, Eleanna, 2022, Solar Physics, 297, 105
6	Universal Time variations in the magnetosphere Lockwood, Mike & Milan, Stephen E., 2023, Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 10, 26
6	Observations of the step-like accelerating processes of cold ions in the reconnection layer at the dayside magnetopause Zhang, Qinghe, Lockwood, Michael, Foster, John C., Zong, Qiugang, Dunlop, Malcolm W., Zhang, Shunrong, Moen, Jøran & Zhang, Beichen, 2018, Science Bulletin, 63, 31
6	Periodic auroral events at the high-latitude convection reversal in the 16 MLT region Sandholt, Per Even & Lockwood, Mike, 1990, Geophysical Research Letters, 17, 1877
6	Long-term changes in the solar photosphere associated with changes in the coronal source flux Foster, S. & Lockwood, M., 2001, Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 1443
6	An optical study of multiple NEIAL events driven by low energy electron precipitation Sullivan, J. M., Lockwood, M., Lanchester, B. S., Kontar, E. P., Ivchenko, N., Dahlgren, H. & Whiter, D. K., 2008, Annales Geophysicae, 26, 2435
6	A numerical model of the ionospheric signatures of time-varying magnetic reconnection: II. Measuring expansions in the ionospheric flow response Morley, S. K. & Lockwood, M., 2005, Annales Geophysicae, 23, 2501
6	Application of historic datasets to understanding open solar flux and the 20th-century grand solar maximum. 2. Solar observations Lockwood, Mike, Owens, Mathew J., Yardley, Stephanie L., Virtanen, Iiro O. I., Yeates, Anthony R. & Muñoz-Jaramillo, Andrés, 2022, Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 9, 976444
6	Astronomy: The day the solar wind nearly died Lockwood, Mike, 2001, Nature, 409, 677
5	The bottomside mid-latitude ionospheric trough Lockwood, M., 1980, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 42, 605
5	Comment on ``Ionospheric signatures of dayside magnetopause transients: A case study using satellite and ground measurements'' by Denig et al. Lockwood, M. & Cowley, S. W. H., 1994, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 4253
5	Extracting planetary waves from geomagnetic time series using Empirical Mode Decomposition Frühauff, Dennis, Glassmeier, Karl-Heinz, Lockwood, Michael & Heyner, Daniel, 2015, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 129, 6
5	Incoherent scatter radar observations related to magnetospheric dynamics Cowley, S. W. H. & Lockwood, M., 1997, Advances in Space Research, 20, 873
5	Ground-based and satellite observations of high-latitude auroral activity in the dusk sector of the auroral oval Kauristie, K., Pulkkinen, T. I., Amm, O., Viljanen, A., Syrjäsuo, M., Janhunen, P., Massetti, S., Orsini, S., Candidi, M., Watermann, J., Donovan, E., Prikryl, P., Mann, I. R., Eglitis, P., Smith, C., Denig, W. F., Opgenoorth, H. J., Lockwood, M., Dunlop, M., Vaivads, A. & André, M., 2001, Annales Geophysicae, 19, 1683
5	Reply [to “Comment on: ’Low-altitude signatures of the cusp and flux transfer events’ by Mike Lockwood and Mark F. Smith”] Lockwood, Mike & Smith, Mark F., 1990, Geophysical Research Letters, 17, 657
5	The 2024 May event in the context of auroral activity over the past 375 yr Lockwood, Mike, Owens, Mathew J., Brown, William & Vázquez, Manuel, 2025, MNRAS, 540, 3596
5	Relationship between the near-Earth interplanetary field and the coronal source flux: Dependence on timescale Lockwood, M., 2002, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 107, 1425
5	The dependence of cusp ion signatures on the reconnection rate Morley, S. K. & Lockwood, M., 2003, Annales Geophysicae, 21, 947
5	Comment on “Ionospheric convection response to changing IMF direction” by Knipp et al. Lockwood, M. & Cowley, S. W. H., 1991, Geophysical Research Letters, 18, 2173
5	Reconstruction of Carrington Rotation Means of Open Solar Flux over the Past 154 Years Lockwood, Mike & Owens, Mat, 2024, Solar Physics, 299, 28
5	Universal Time Effects on Substorm Growth Phases and Onsets Lockwood, M., 2023, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 128, e2023JA031671
5	Cosmic meteorology Lockwood, Mike & Owens, Mat, 2021, Astronomy and Geophysics, 62, 3.12
4	Evolving solar wind flow properties of magnetic inversions observed by Helios Macneil, Allan R., Owens, Mathew J., Wicks, Robert T. & Lockwood, Mike, 2021, MNRAS, 501, 5379
4	Sondrestrom and EISCAT radar observations of poleward-moving auroral forms Robinson, R. M., Clauer, C. R., de La Beaujardiere, O., Kelly, J. D. & Friis-Christensen, E., 1990, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 52, 411
4	Phase calibration of the EISCAT Svalbard Radar interferometer using optical satellite signatures Sullivan, J. M., Ivchenko, N., Lockwood, M., Grydeland, T., Blixt, E. M. & Lanchester, B. S., 2006, Annales Geophysicae, 24, 2419
4	Modeling the observed proton aurora and ionospheric convection responses to changes in the IMF clock angle: 1. Persistence of cusp proton aurora Throp, K., Lockwood, M., Lanchester, B. S., Morley, S. K. & Frey, H. U., 2005, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 110, A12311
4	Testing substorm theories: the need for multipoint observations Lockwood, M., 1997, Advances in Space Research, 20, 883
4	Opportunities for Magnetospheric Research with Coordinated Cluster and Ground-Based Observations Opgenoorth, H. J. & Lockwood, M., 1997, Space Science Reviews, 79, 599
3	SIR-HUXt—A Particle Filter Data Assimilation Scheme for CME Time-Elongation Profiles Barnard, Luke, Owens, Mathew, Scott, Chris, Lang, Matthew & Lockwood, Mike, 2023, Space Weather, 21, e2023SW003487
3	Further considerations of cosmic ray modulation of infra-red radiation in the atmosphere Aplin, K. L. & Lockwood, M., 2015, Astroparticle Physics, 68, 52
3	A Geomagnetic Estimate of Heliospheric Modulation Potential over the Last 175 Years Owens, Mathew J., Barnard, Luke A., Muscheler, Raimund, Herbst, Konstantin, Lockwood, Mike, Usoskin, Ilya & Asvestari, Eleanna, 2024, Solar Physics, 299, 84
3	A comparison between ion characteristics observed by the POLAR and DMSP spacecraft in the high-latitude magnetosphere Stubbs, T., Lockwood, M., Cargill, P., Grande, M., Kellett, B. & Perry, C., 2004, Annales Geophysicae, 22, 1033
3	Reconstructing Sunspot Number by Forward-Modelling Open Solar Flux Owens, Mathew J., Lockwood, Mike, Barnard, Luke A., Usoskin, Ilya, Hayakawa, Hisashi, Pope, Benjamin J. S. & McCracken, Ken, 2024, Solar Physics, 299, 3
3	The Joined-up Magnetosphere Lockwood, Mike, 2022, Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 9, 856188
2	A "Wave-Like" Evolution of Polar Cap Patches Modulated by Enhanced Magnetopause Reconnection and Extended Magnetotail Reconnection Zhang, Duan, Zhang, Q.-H., Oksavik, K., Tang, B.-B., Zhang, Y.-L., Lockwood, M., Foster, J. C., Zhang, S.-R., Lyons, Larry R., Xing, Z.-Y., Wang, Yong & Ma, Y.-Z., 2024, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 129, 2024JA033349
2	A Statistical Study of Space Hurricanes in the Southern Hemisphere Lu, Sheng, Xing, Zan-Yang, Zhang, Qing-He, Zhang, Yong-Liang, Yang, Hui-Gen, Oksavik, Kjellmar, Lyons, L. R., Lockwood, Michael, Ma, Yu-Zhang, Wang, Xiang-Yu, Deng, Zhong-Xin, Xu, Tong, Li, Guo-Jun, Wang, Yong & Zhang, Duan, 2024, Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 129, e2024JA032753
2	Toward GIC Forecasting: Statistical Downscaling of the Geomagnetic Field to Improve Geoelectric Field Forecasts Haines, C., Owens, M. J., Barnard, L., Lockwood, M., Beggan, C. D., Thomson, A. W. P. & Rogers, N. C., 2022, Space Weather, 20, e2021SW002903
2	Long-term variations in the heliosphere Owens, Mathew J., Lockwood, Mike, Riley, Pete & Barnard, Luke, 2018, Long-term Datasets for the Understanding of Solar and Stellar Magnetic Cycles (Editors: Banerjee, D., Jiang, J., Kusano, K. & Solanki, S.), IAU Symposium, 340, p. 108
2	Annual Variations in the Near-Earth Solar Wind Owens, Mathew J., Lockwood, Mike, Barnard, Luke A., Yardley, Stephanie L., Hietala, Heli, LaMoury, Adrian T. & Vuorinen, Laura, 2023, Solar Physics, 298, 111
2	Implications of Using Spheroidal "Cone Model" CMEs in Solar-Wind Models Owens, M. J., Barnard, L. A., Verbeke, C., McGinness, B. P. S., Turner, H., Chi, Y., Gyeltshen, D. & Lockwood, M., 2025, Space Weather, 23, e2025SW004397
2	The celestial rubbish dump Lockwood, Mike, 2025, Astronomy and Geophysics, 66, 3.36
2	Direct Observation of the Space Hurricane Disturbed Polar Thermosphere Xiu, Zhi-Feng, Ma, Yu-Zhang, Zhang, Qing-He, Xing, Zan-Yang, Zhang, Shun-Rong, Zhang, Yong-Liang, Oksavik, Kjellmar, Lyons, Larry, Lockwood, Michael & Wang, Yong, 2024, Geophysical Research Letters, 51, e2023GL106735
2	Causes of hemispheric differences in polar cap indices Lockwood, M., 2023, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 252, 106153
2	Fly me to the Moon? Lockwood, Mike, 2007, Nature Physics, 3, 669
1	Comment on “The effect of strong velocity shears on incoherent scatter spectra: A new interpretation of unusual high latitude spectra” Kofman, W., Schlegel, K., Lovhaug, U. P., Lockwood, M. & Winser, K. J., 1989, Geophysical Research Letters, 16, 337
1	High-latitude ion transport and energetic explorer (HI-LITE): a mission to investigate ion outflow from the high-latitude ionosphere Smith, Mark F., Herrero, Federico A., Hesse, Michael, Baker, Daniel N., Bochsler, Peter, Wurz, Peter, Balsiger, Hans, Chakrabarti, Supriya, Erickson, Gary, Cotton, Daniel M., Stephen, Thomas S., Jamar, Claude A., Gerard, Jean-Claude, Fuselier, Stephen A., Ghielmetti, Arthur G., Mende, Stephen B., Peterson, William K., Shelley, Edward G., Vondrak, Richard R., Gallagher, Dennis L., Moore, Thomas E., Pollock, Craig, Arnoldy, Roger, Lockwood, Michael & Gladstone, Randy, 1993, Instrumentation for Magnetospheric Imagery II (Editors: Chakrabarti, Supriya), Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series, 2008, p. 40
1	In Praise of Mistakes Lockwood, Mike, 2022, Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 9, 852798
1	Energetic electron signatures in an active magnetotail plasma sheet Davies, J. A., Dunlop, M. W., Perry, C. H., Lockwood, M., Alexeev, I., Taylor, M. G. G. T., Fazakerley, A. N., Owen, C. J., Marchaudon, A., Friedel, R. H. W., Deng, X. H., Grande, M. & Daly, P. W., 2006, Advances in Space Research, 38, 1608
1	Lockwood_PCIndex_Final Lockwood, Michael, 2023, 168286704.40400822
1	Predicting Solar Disturbance Effects on Navigation Systems Lockwood, M., Wild, M. N., Stamper, R., Davis, C. J. & Grande, M., 1999, Journal of Navigation, 52, 203
0	Universal Time effects on substorm growth phases and onsets Lockwood, Michael, 2023, 168500345.56777046
0	Can a Major Geomagnetic and Auroral Disturbance Originate From a Solar Active Region Close to the Limb? Lockwood, Mike, Owens, Mat J., Barnard, Luke A., Brown, William & Gyeltshen, Dechen, 2025, Space Weather, 23, e2025SW004517
0	Reviewers in 2021 Lockwood, Michael, 2022, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A, 478, 20220109
0	Analyses of the Ancient Chinese Report on the Total Solar Eclipse in 709 BCE: Implications for the Contemporaneous Earth's Rotation Speed and Solar Cycles Hayakawa, Hisashi, Owens, Mathew J., Jin, Meng, Sôma, Mitsuru & Lockwood, Mike, 2025, ApJ, 995, L1
0	Obituaries: Andy Breen 1964-2011 Lockwood, Mike, 2012, Astronomy and Geophysics, 53, 2.38
0	Ionospheric ion and electron heating at the poleward boundary of a poleward expanding substorm-disturbed region Fox, N. J., Cowley, S. W. H., Davies, J. A., Greenwald, R. A., Lester, M., Lockwood, M. & Lühr, H., 2001, Journal of Geophysical Research, 106, 12845
0	The contribution of the Russell-McPherron effect to the semiannual variation in thermospheric density Lockwood, Michael, Scott, Christopher John, O'Donoghue, James, Owens, Mathew J. & Barnard, Luke, 2025, essoar.176030854
0	Seasons of MISTs and mellow fruitfulness Lockwood, Mike, 2018, Astronomy and Geophysics, 59, 6.14
0	Driving Dynamical Inner-Heliosphere Models With In Situ Solar Wind Observations Owens, M. J., Barnard, L. A., Turner, H., Gyeltshen, D., Edward-Inatimi, N., O'Donoghue, J., Lockwood, M., Watson, S., Rutala, M., Jackman, C. M. & Riley, P., 2026, Space Weather, 24, e2025SW004675